The Pii Chawa is a wind instrument that produces musical sounds from the vibration of the reed. It is assumed to be influenced and adapted from the Indian Pii Chanai. The Pii Chawa has played roles in important royal ceremonies since the Early Ayutthaya Period, such as the in the royal procession, the weapon dances, the Krabi Krabong (Thai martial arts) and the Kris dance. It is also played in the Pii Pat Nanghong ensemble and the Pii Chawa-Glong Kaek (Bua Loi) ensemble, which are played only at the cremation ceremonies.
         The Pii Chawa has three main component parts.
         1. The tube (Lao Pii) is made of hard wood or ivory, about 27 centimeters long, turned into a proper shape and pierced with 7 finger holes, in the positions similar to the Klui. (Different from the Pii Nai, the Pii Nok and the Pii Glang)
         2. The horn (Lumpong Pii) is made of hard wood or ivory. Usually the same material as the tube is used. The horn is freely separable from the tube. The open end of the horn is little flared for spreading out the sound.
         3. The double reed is made of small pieces of palmyra palm leaves, placed in 4 layers and tied to a small pipe made of brass, silver or an alloy of gold, silver and copper. The pipe is called Gampuad (กำพวด) and the method of tying the reed to the pipe is called Pook Tagrut Bed (ผูกตะกรุดเบ็ด). Then one end of the Gampuad is inserted to a hole in the Thuan Bon (a caulking material added to the mouth of the tube of the Pii for tuning the instrument). The reed of the Pii Chawa is slightly longer than that of the Pii Chanai.